Explore the questions we are planning, the sources we have checked, and the findings we have published. Published findings link to their evidence and any related kit editions.
A research plan describes a question and a method. A source-checked sample verifies the items in that sample. Each published finding describes its own evidence and limits.
Machine-readable evidence index · Browse county kits · Browse city and ZIP-area kits
302 records
Published finding · Family income and poverty
Source period 2020-2024 ACS five-year estimates
Coverage California
Refresh policy Fixed vintage. New sources or corrections require validation and edition change.
Sources
Related kit editions
Published finding · Population and migration
Source period July 2023 to July 2024 population estimates
Coverage California
Evidence edition census-vintage2024.analysis-v1
Refresh policy Fixed vintage; source updates require new evidence and review.
Sources
Related kit editions
Source-checked sample · College Comparisons
Question Which UC campus fits a student's academic, financial, and career priorities?
Limits The reference verifies campus names and official links only.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Source checked 2026-10-25. Open the source-checked sample
Sources
Research plan · College Comparisons
Question Which California private colleges combine affordable net price with strong completion outcomes?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Comparisons
Question Which California community colleges offer the strongest evidenced route to a chosen destination?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Comparisons
Question How does college affordability change across household-income bands?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Comparisons
Question Which California campuses have the lowest comparable resident cost before aid?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Comparisons
Question When does nonresident aid materially change the cost of a California degree?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Comparisons
Question Which institutions sustain completion outcomes across comparable student groups?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Comparisons
Question Which transfer pathway minimizes lost credits and avoidable delay?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Comparisons
Question Which part-time pathways have credible completion, scheduling, and aid support?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Comparisons
Question Which online programs offer comparable outcomes at a realistic total cost?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Niches
Question Which nursing pathways combine licensure outcomes, capacity, and manageable cost?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Niches
Question Which engineering program fits a student's specialty, budget, and career route?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Niches
Question Which UC is the best fit for computer science under explicitly chosen criteria?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Niches
Question Which teacher-preparation route leads to the required credential with less time and cost?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Niches
Question Which community college certificates connect to durable regional job opportunities?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Niches
Question Which rural colleges offer accessible programs and realistic local opportunity?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Niches
Question How do outcomes and affordability vary among Hispanic-serving institutions?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Niches
Question Which HBCUs fit a student's field, financial needs, and graduate-school pathway?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Niches
Question Which colleges make returning to a degree more practical for adult learners?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · College Niches
Question What is the full cost and funding structure of a specific graduate program?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: IPEDS, College Scorecard, Official institution pages
Research plan · Aid and Opportunities
Question Which California aid pathways apply to a student's residency and enrollment situation?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Official program administrators
Research plan · Aid and Opportunities
Question How do federal aid pathways change by credential, enrollment level, and dependency status?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Official program administrators
Research plan · Aid and Opportunities
Question Which merit awards remain valuable after renewal rules and competing aid are considered?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Official program administrators
Research plan · Aid and Opportunities
Question Which colleges cover more demonstrated need for a defined student population?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Official program administrators
Research plan · Aid and Opportunities
Question Which transfer scholarships reduce the cost of a specific destination pathway?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Official program administrators
Research plan · Aid and Opportunities
Question When does a promise program lower total community college cost rather than tuition alone?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Official program administrators
Research plan · Aid and Opportunities
Question Which first-generation funding opportunities match documented definitions and needs?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Official program administrators
Research plan · Aid and Opportunities
Question Which scholarships support adults returning after an interruption?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Official program administrators
Research plan · Aid and Opportunities
Question Which graduate fellowships fit a field, career stage, and funding gap?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Official program administrators
Research plan · Aid and Opportunities
Question Which opportunity deadlines require action first and what evidence is still missing?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Official program administrators
Research plan · Business and Workforce
Question Which county industries show business density, growth, and concentration?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Census, BLS, SEC, Official program administrators
Research plan · Business and Workforce
Question Which regional industries show sustained employment growth rather than one-year noise?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Census, BLS, SEC, Official program administrators
Research plan · Business and Workforce
Question Where do occupational wages go further after regional cost differences?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Census, BLS, SEC, Official program administrators
Research plan · Business and Workforce
Question Which training routes lead to occupations with favorable openings and wage profiles?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Census, BLS, SEC, Official program administrators
Research plan · Business and Workforce
Question Which filings reveal a company's operating model, risks, and reporting changes?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Census, BLS, SEC, Official program administrators
Research plan · Business and Workforce
Question Which companies are growing under comparable revenue and segment definitions?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Census, BLS, SEC, Official program administrators
Research plan · Business and Workforce
Question Which public procurement opportunities fit a business's capacity and qualifications?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Census, BLS, SEC, Official program administrators
Research plan · Business and Workforce
Question Which assistance programs match a small business's stage and geography?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Census, BLS, SEC, Official program administrators
Research plan · Business and Workforce
Question Which markets match a product's population, income, and industry demand?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Census, BLS, SEC, Official program administrators
Research plan · Business and Workforce
Question Where are new businesses forming and how durable is the signal?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Census, BLS, SEC, Official program administrators
Research plan · Reusable Operations Kits
Question Which inventory gaps are most likely to delay service or create waste?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Synthetic fixtures, Customer-authorized schema mapping
Research plan · Reusable Operations Kits
Question Which suppliers meet published requirements with traceable evidence?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Synthetic fixtures, Customer-authorized schema mapping
Research plan · Reusable Operations Kits
Question Which public programs could apply and what proof is required?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Synthetic fixtures, Customer-authorized schema mapping
Research plan · Reusable Operations Kits
Question Which upcoming opportunities are ready to pursue versus missing prerequisites?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Synthetic fixtures, Customer-authorized schema mapping
Research plan · Reusable Operations Kits
Question Which sources are stale enough to change a decision?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Synthetic fixtures, Customer-authorized schema mapping
Research plan · Reusable Operations Kits
Question Where would missing data distort a comparison?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Synthetic fixtures, Customer-authorized schema mapping
Research plan · Reusable Operations Kits
Question Which claims have sufficient evidence for reuse?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Synthetic fixtures, Customer-authorized schema mapping
Research plan · Reusable Operations Kits
Question Which tasks reached accepted completion and what is preventing the rest?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Synthetic fixtures, Customer-authorized schema mapping
Research plan · Reusable Operations Kits
Question Which workflows deliver useful outcomes at a sustainable cost?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Synthetic fixtures, Customer-authorized schema mapping
Research plan · Reusable Operations Kits
Question Which public-data changes are material enough to update a product?
Limits Analysis contract only. Verify exact source coverage, period, population and reuse before producing an answer.
Sources to assess: Synthetic fixtures, Customer-authorized schema mapping
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which UC campuses offer a chosen major and credential level?
Limits Catalog listings may lag current admission restrictions.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which CSU campuses match size, setting, and program breadth filters?
Limits Characteristic definitions differ between IPEDS and CSU dashboards.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which CSU campus majors publish impaction criteria and what do they require?
Limits Criteria text changes by term and must be read from the official page.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which community colleges serve a region and which share a district?
Limits Service areas are not formal attendance boundaries.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question How do applicant, admit, and enrollee counts differ by campus and entry type?
Limits Applicants apply to multiple campuses; stages are not unique persons.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which CSU campuses retain more first-year entrants within a defined cohort?
Limits Part-time and transfer entrants may be excluded from the cohort.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question What share of a UC entering cohort graduates in four, five, or six years?
Limits Transfers out are counted differently across dashboards.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which program areas produce the most awards at each community college?
Limits One student may earn several awards in a year.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question How has the resident and nonresident enrollment mix changed by campus?
Limits Residency categories were redefined in some years.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Where is application pressure highest relative to enrolled first-year seats?
Limits Multi-campus applications inflate numerators.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question What share of sections at each college is online, hybrid, or in person?
Limits Modality codes changed during 2020 to 2022 terms.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question What share of undergraduates receive Pell at each UC and CSU campus?
Limits Share is access context, not an outcome measure.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question How large are reported completion gaps between student groups at each campus?
Limits Small groups may be suppressed or unstable.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question How do published student-faculty ratios differ by definition across campuses?
Limits Ratios are not class-size or teaching-quality measures.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which colleges enroll the most high school students through dual enrollment?
Limits Headcount excludes credit later accepted elsewhere.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question How does reported on-campus bed capacity compare with enrollment?
Limits Capacity reporting does not show waitlists or eligibility.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question What is the published range of room and board rates by campus?
Limits Published rates exclude availability and meal plan rules.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which CCC success measure definitions changed between report years?
Limits Definition changes break trend comparisons.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Where is graduate enrollment concentrated by campus and field?
Limits Field taxonomies differ from CIP codes.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question How many teaching credential completers does each CSU campus report?
Limits Completion is not employment as a teacher.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question How large is noncredit enrollment relative to credit enrollment by college?
Limits Noncredit headcount definitions vary by report.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which CSU degree programs are offered fully online?
Limits Online status may require in-person components.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which program areas are offered in each regional consortium?
Limits Availability is not seat capacity.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which public campuses are reachable by scheduled transit within a defined radius?
Limits Feed presence does not show frequency or reliability.
Sources to assess: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Federal Transit Administration
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which public campuses publish childcare center capacity and eligibility?
Limits Capacity is published inconsistently and may exclude waitlists.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question How do public campuses report veteran and military-connected enrollment?
Limits Status definitions differ across reports.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question What are the demographic and income characteristics of each college service area?
Limits Tract aggregation assumes a service area definition.
Sources to assess: Census Data, Census County Business Patterns
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question Which California private institutions exist by control, size, and level?
Limits Branch campuses may be rolled up.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question Which private institutions offer a chosen program and credential?
Limits Completions data lag current offerings.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question How far does average institutional grant aid fall below published price?
Limits Averages are not individual offers.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question How do completion rates compare within matched private sectors?
Limits Cohort coverage differs by sector.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question Which private institutions changed status, merged, or closed?
Limits Closure dates and teach-out terms need official confirmation.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question Which institutions require or offer structured work programs?
Limits Program terms come from institutional pages.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question How concentrated are completions in arts fields at specialized institutions?
Limits Field concentration is not program quality.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question What share of private college enrollment is exclusively online?
Limits Distance education definitions changed in reporting.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question How does income-band net price compare at out-of-state private options?
Limits Net price excludes unaided and continuing students.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question What share of entering undergraduates are transfers at each private college?
Limits Intake is not transfer completion.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question How does endowment per student vary among private institutions?
Limits Endowment is context, not an aid promise.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question Which accreditor actions are recorded for each private institution?
Limits Action labels require accreditor definitions.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question Which private institutions enroll graduate students only and in which fields?
Limits Professional schools may report under parent institutions.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question What share of instructional staff is full time at each private institution?
Limits Staff categories do not indicate teaching load.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which allied health programs lead to which credential levels and licenses?
Limits License requirements vary by state board.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question How stable are licensure exam pass rates for each nursing program over time?
Limits Small cohorts produce volatile rates.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which social work programs connect to accreditation and licensure routes?
Limits Eligibility rules are board-specific.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question How do published law school costs relate to reported bar outcomes?
Limits Disclosures are self-reported and not causal.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which pharmacy programs exist and what prerequisites do they publish?
Limits Prerequisites change by catalog year.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which trades certificates connect to registered apprenticeship occupations?
Limits Links are documented crosswalks, not placement.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which institutions offer cybersecurity programs at which credential levels?
Limits CIP coding of security programs is inconsistent.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which data and statistics programs require calculus or programming before entry?
Limits Requirements come from catalog text.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Where are agriculture and food science programs offered relative to farm regions?
Limits Program presence is not regional employer demand.
Sources to assess: USDA NASS, USDA ERS
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which programs prepare for energy and utility technician occupations?
Limits Crosswalk is many-to-many.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which routes lead to early childhood credentials and permits?
Limits Permit levels and renewal rules change.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Where are approved EMT and paramedic programs located by county?
Limits Approval status must be read from the authority list.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which hospitality and culinary programs exist and at what length?
Limits Industry certifications are separate from credentials.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which programs map to logistics occupations and where are they?
Limits Occupation links are not hiring evidence.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which fields are growing or shrinking in completions at each institution?
Limits CIP revisions break series.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question How do required units for similar programs vary across institutions?
Limits Unit systems differ between quarter and semester.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which certificates are documented as stacking into higher credentials?
Limits Stacking claims need catalog verification.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which programs hold specialized accreditation and from whom?
Limits Status dates may lag accreditor decisions.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which programs prepare for advanced manufacturing occupations by region?
Limits Regional employer demand needs separate evidence.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Where are environmental science and sustainability programs concentrated?
Limits Field boundaries are fuzzy across CIP codes.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question Which cost components are included in each published attendance budget?
Limits Component definitions differ between institutions.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question How has income-band net price changed over time at each institution?
Limits Covered population excludes unaided students.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question How does the published housing allowance compare with local median rent?
Limits Median rent is not student rent paid.
Sources to assess: HUD User, Census ACS
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question How do net price and completion co-vary without implying causation?
Limits Populations differ between the two measures.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question What share of aid at each institution is grants rather than loans?
Limits Aid averages hide package variation.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question What is the distribution of cumulative debt among completers by credential?
Limits Non-borrowers are excluded by design.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question What share of borrowers are in repayment progress by cohort?
Limits Repayment definitions changed across releases.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question How much work-study funding does each institution report?
Limits Availability is not an individual award.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question Which state aid program types exist and how are eligibility definitions published?
Limits No personalized eligibility determination.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question When did published aid program rules change and what changed?
Limits Changes must be read from official notices.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question Which institutions publish cohort tuition guarantees and for how long?
Limits Guarantees often exclude fees.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question How do stipend, waiver, fees, and duration combine in a graduate offer?
Limits Published terms may differ from individual letters.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question When are tuition and fees due relative to stipend payments?
Limits Dates come from campus billing calendars.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question What do campuses charge for mandatory student health plans and what waives them?
Limits Waiver criteria are policy text.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question What share of sections use zero-cost materials at each college?
Limits Flagging practices vary by college.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question Which institutions publish emergency aid programs and their terms?
Limits Availability does not show funding levels.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question Which institutions reduce institutional aid when outside scholarships arrive?
Limits Policies are text and may have exceptions.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question Which campuses publish food, housing, and basic needs support services?
Limits Listing is not capacity or usage.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question How do transportation allowances compare with local commute cost indicators?
Limits Commute indicators are regional, not student-specific.
Sources to assess: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Federal Transit Administration
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question Which institutions participate in veteran tuition benefit programs?
Limits Participation is not individual eligibility.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question Which aid deadlines and verification steps fall when in the award cycle?
Limits Deadlines shift by year and residency.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question How do major preparation, admission, and graduation requirements differ for one pathway?
Limits Requirement categories must be read from official text.
Sources to assess: ASSIST, CSU Transfer
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question What changed between two agreement years for the same pathway?
Limits Never infer an agreement across years.
Sources to assess: ASSIST, CSU Transfer
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Which required courses lack articulation from a sending college?
Limits Absence of articulation is not denial of credit.
Sources to assess: ASSIST, CSU Transfer
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Which other colleges articulate an equivalent course for a given requirement?
Limits Section availability is not in articulation data.
Sources to assess: ASSIST, CSU Transfer
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Which public transfer planning tools exist and what do they document?
Limits Feature claims are unverified.
Sources to assess: ASSIST, CSU Transfer
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Which official rules govern an associate degree for transfer pathway to a given campus and major?
Limits Never assume a guarantee to a particular campus or major.
Sources to assess: ASSIST, CSU Transfer
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question How do transfer applicants, admits, and enrollees compare by sending college and major?
Limits Stages are not graduates.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question What share of transfer entrants graduate within a defined horizon?
Limits Not linked to sending college.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question How do maximum transferable units and residency rules compare?
Limits Policy text requires interpretation.
Sources to assess: ASSIST, CSU Transfer
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Which general education pattern areas can be completed at each college?
Limits Pattern versions change by year.
Sources to assess: ASSIST, CSU Transfer
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Which institution pairs offer reverse transfer associate degrees?
Limits Availability is not award counts.
Sources to assess: ASSIST, CSU Transfer
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Which private institutions publish articulation with community colleges?
Limits Agreements may be partial or expired.
Sources to assess: ASSIST, CSU Transfer
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Which campuses publish transfer admission guarantee programs and what terms apply?
Limits Terms must be verified; no guarantee is assumed.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Which institutions allow concurrent or cross-enrollment and under what rules?
Limits Rules are policy text.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question How many units do transfer entrants bring at entry?
Limits Unit systems must be normalized.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question From which states do transfer entrants to California publics come?
Limits Small counts may be suppressed.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Which institutions publish policies for credit from military training?
Limits Credit evaluation is case by case.
Sources to assess: ASSIST, CSU Transfer
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question In which fields do transfer entrants complete degrees?
Limits Field at entry may differ from field at completion.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question Where is research expenditure concentrated by institution and field?
Limits Spending is not impact or teaching quality.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question What share of R&D is federal, state, industry, or institutional?
Limits Source categories changed in some survey years.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question Which undergraduate institutions are origins of later doctorates by field?
Limits No denominator of eligible graduates by field.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question How does time to doctorate vary by field?
Limits Time definitions differ between surveys.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question How many postdoctoral positions are reported by institution and field?
Limits Headcount is not career outcome.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question How does publication volume vary by institution and field over time?
Limits Affiliation matching and access are unverified.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question How do citation measures compare after field and year normalization?
Limits Citations are not teaching quality.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question What share of an institution's works are openly accessible?
Limits Open access status classification varies.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question Which institutions co-author most with industry organizations?
Limits Organization typing is unverified.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question Which federal agencies fund research at each institution?
Limits Obligations are not expenditures.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question Where is academic research spending concentrated by metro area?
Limits Multi-campus systems blur geography.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question How large is the health research workforce by region and occupation?
Limits Occupation codes mix research and clinical roles.
Sources to assess: HRSA Data, CDC Data
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question Where are agricultural research stations and what programs do they run?
Limits Program lists are descriptive.
Sources to assess: USDA NASS, USDA ERS
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question How has energy research funding to institutions changed over time?
Limits Program codes change across years.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question Which published mobility measures exist and how is each defined?
Limits Proprietary rankings cannot be republished.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question How do Pell share and completion co-vary across institutions?
Limits Not a mobility index.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question How do field-level earnings vary across institutions within the covered population?
Limits Covered population excludes unaided completers.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question Which institutions report outcomes for first-generation students?
Limits Definitions of first-generation vary.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question What share of completers continue to graduate study where reported?
Limits Reporting is voluntary and partial.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question Which research data sources permit reuse and under what terms?
Limits Terms must be read at retrieval time.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which indicators help compare moves between occupations?
Limits No individual hiring probability.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Where is employment in an occupation concentrated relative to the nation?
Limits Suppressed estimates leave gaps.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question How wide is the wage spread within an occupation by region?
Limits Percentiles exclude self-employed workers.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which occupations have many openings despite low growth?
Limits Projections are not job security.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which occupations require a license in which states and what is required?
Limits Board pages must be read individually.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which registered apprenticeships are active by occupation and county?
Limits Active status is not openings.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which areas are designated health professional shortage areas by discipline?
Limits Designation is administrative, not vacancy count.
Sources to assess: HRSA Data, CDC Data
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question How has nursing employment changed by region over time?
Limits Employment counts jobs, not licensed persons.
Sources to assess: HRSA Data, CDC Data
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question How do technology occupation wages and employment compare across metros?
Limits Remote work blurs metro attribution.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which counties show sustained manufacturing employment change?
Limits Suppressed cells for small counties.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which occupations are concentrated in energy industries and how are they projected?
Limits Industry boundaries for energy are contested.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Where are transportation and warehousing jobs growing by county?
Limits Establishment relocations create jumps.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question How does agricultural employment vary by month and county?
Limits Contract labor coverage is partial.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question How has government employment changed by level and region?
Limits Education employment may be classified as government.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question What share of regional employment is in nonprofit establishments?
Limits Nonprofit identification depends on research datasets.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which retail subsectors gained or lost employment over a period?
Limits NAICS revisions move e-commerce.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question How do hospitality wages compare across metros for the same occupation?
Limits Tips reporting varies.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which employers filed layoff notices in a region and when?
Limits Notices are not actual separations.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question How do teacher openings and credential production compare by region?
Limits Completers may not enter teaching.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which occupations have documented skill profiles and how complete are they?
Limits Skill ratings are survey-based.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which occupations have work context attributes consistent with remote work?
Limits Not actual remote work rates.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question How do construction trade openings and wages compare by region?
Limits Union and apprenticeship wages differ from averages.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question Which public indicators contextualize a local business idea before direct customer tests?
Limits Population statistics are not demand.
Sources to assess: Census Data, Census County Business Patterns
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How many establishments per resident exist by industry and county?
Limits Noise-protected counts.
Sources to assess: Census Data, Census County Business Patterns
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question What share of new establishments survive by cohort and region?
Limits Exits include relocations.
Sources to assess: Census Data, Census County Business Patterns
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How is revenue split by reported segment at comparable public companies?
Limits Segment definitions differ across filers.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How does R&D spending relative to revenue compare across companies?
Limits Tag usage varies by filer.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question Which industries receive federal contract dollars in each county?
Limits Place of performance differs from recipient location.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How do grant obligations flow from agencies through programs to recipient types?
Limits Subawards are incomplete.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question Which revenue sources do cities depend on most?
Limits Late filers missing.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question Which spending categories drove year-over-year change in a county budget?
Limits Function codes change with reporting rules.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How does outstanding debt per resident compare across cities?
Limits Not an investment assessment.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How do electricity prices and consumption vary by sector and state?
Limits Monthly data are revised.
Sources to assess: EIA, EPA Data
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question Where is renewable generating capacity located by county?
Limits Nameplate is not generation.
Sources to assess: EIA, EPA Data
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How many unhealthy air quality days occur near a candidate site?
Limits Monitor coverage is sparse.
Sources to assess: EIA, EPA Data
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How do housing permits compare with household growth by county?
Limits Permits are not completions.
Sources to assess: HUD User, Census ACS
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question What share of households pay over thirty percent of income in rent by band?
Limits Margins of error are large for small areas.
Sources to assess: HUD User, Census ACS
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How has ridership changed by agency and mode?
Limits Reporting lags and restatements.
Sources to assess: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Federal Transit Administration
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question Which commodities move between regions and by what mode?
Limits Survey-based flows carry sampling error.
Sources to assess: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Federal Transit Administration
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How have acreage and yield changed by crop and county?
Limits County estimates are suppressed for small crops.
Sources to assess: USDA NASS, USDA ERS
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How are farms distributed by size class in each county?
Limits Census is every five years.
Sources to assess: USDA NASS, USDA ERS
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question Where are hospitals and health centers located relative to population?
Limits No patient-level data.
Sources to assess: HRSA Data, CDC Data
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question Which federal programs fund nonprofit recipients in a region?
Limits Recipient typing is self-reported.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How do retail establishment counts and payroll compare across areas?
Limits Payroll is not sales.
Sources to assess: Census Data, Census County Business Patterns
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How have accommodation establishments and local lodging taxes changed?
Limits Short-term rentals are inconsistently included.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question How do available lineup slots change the usefulness of a weekly schedule?
Limits Official schedule feed only; no roster actions.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question How unevenly are games distributed across teams in a week and after postponements?
Limits Postponement records need official confirmation.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question Which team pairs have complementary off days in a week?
Limits Schedule changes invalidate pairs.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question How do athletics revenues and expenses compare by sport and institution?
Limits Allocated revenues blur comparisons.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question How many athletes participate by sport and gender at each institution?
Limits Multi-sport athletes counted per sport.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question Which high school sports are growing or shrinking by state?
Limits Reuse terms for survey data are unverified.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question Which institutions sponsor a sport at which competitive level?
Limits Sponsorship is not roster openings.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question How does athletically related aid compare by institution and gender?
Limits Totals are not per-athlete awards.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question How do reported average coaching salaries vary by sport?
Limits Averages over small staffs.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question How far do teams travel across a season schedule?
Limits Venue coordinates need a verified source.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question How many back-to-back game days does each team face?
Limits Depends on schedule version date.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question When do youth league seasons and registrations run by sport?
Limits Official league pages only.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question How do games per season and playoff formats differ across leagues?
Limits Formats change by agreement.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question Which institutions moved between conferences and when?
Limits Effective dates differ by sport.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question Which sports feeds permit reuse and under what terms?
Limits Scraped statistics sites are not assumed reusable.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Which metric definitions are shared across kits and which versions are current?
Limits Definitions must be reconciled before reuse.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Which saved views let non-specialists explore a kit without rebuilding its model?
Limits Views use fictional labeled previews until data is qualified.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Which sources are registered with publisher, version, and permission status?
Limits Permission status expires.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question How well do institution and organization identifiers match across systems?
Limits Unmatched is not nonexistent.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Which kits join geographies from different boundary vintages?
Limits Boundary changes alter comparisons.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Which tables apply suppression rules and how many cells are affected?
Limits Suppressed is not zero.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Which source pairs use incompatible fiscal, academic, or calendar periods?
Limits Compatibility must be re-checked per release.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question How often and how much do source releases revise prior values?
Limits Only observed releases are covered.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Which fields were added, removed, or retyped between source versions?
Limits Semantic changes may not change schema.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question How much row multiplication does each many-to-many crosswalk produce?
Limits High fanout invalidates sums.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Which chart previews use fictional data and are labeled as such?
Limits Unlabeled previews block publication.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Which reusable query templates join which source profiles?
Limits Templates are designs until validated.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Which acceptance checks passed, failed, or were skipped per kit run?
Limits Skipped is not passed.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question What does each validated record cost by run and source?
Limits Estimates are not actual charges.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Can each delivered field be traced to a source span and version?
Limits No operational customer data.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question How many claims sit in each evidence state across the catalog?
Limits States must be reassessed on source change.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Which source license pairs can be combined in one output?
Limits Needs legal review; not legal advice.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question When is each source expected to release and when is a refresh due?
Limits Publisher schedules change.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Which exports exist with checksums, versions, and schema references?
Limits Manifest presence is not acceptance.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Operations and Agents
Question Which kits lack values for required search facets?
Limits Facet gaps degrade search for 1000+ kits.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which public campuses enroll returning adults without combining undergraduate and graduate populations?
Limits Age bands do not identify students who stopped out or returned.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Where are part-time public-college completion outcomes actually reported?
Limits Do not substitute full-time first-time graduation rates for part-time outcomes.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question How does public-campus student-services spending compare after aligning enrollment measures?
Limits Accounting differences and shared system expenses can invalidate comparisons.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Where has enrollment changed faster than reported instructional staffing?
Limits Staffing ratios do not measure class availability or teaching quality.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Public College Systems
Question Which campuses publish evening service hours relevant to commuter students?
Limits Published hours require current checks and do not establish actual utilization.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question Which private-college closure notices document teach-out destinations and affected programs?
Limits A named destination is not proof that every credit or financial obligation transfers.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question Which private colleges omit net-price data for income groups relevant to a comparison?
Limits Missing cells cannot be treated as zero cost or affordability evidence.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question How sensitive are private-college completion comparisons to small cohort sizes?
Limits Small-cohort variation does not establish institutional improvement or decline.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question How much of a private college's student population is represented by its published aid averages?
Limits Recipient averages do not describe every student's expected award.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Private and Specialized Colleges
Question Which private-college programs have official discontinuation or enrollment-pause notices?
Limits Absence of a notice does not establish that admissions remain open.
Sources to assess: NCES IPEDS, College Scorecard
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which program pass-rate tables reconcile first-time testers, repeat testers and total attempts?
Limits Attempt-based and person-based pass rates must remain separate.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which training programs require students to obtain their own clinical placement?
Limits Published requirements do not prove placement availability or admission eligibility.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Where do program-specific time-to-completion distributions exist rather than advertised duration?
Limits Advertised course length cannot replace observed completion time.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question What costs are excluded when comparing tuition-only credential programs?
Limits Missing fees remain unknown and cannot be silently set to zero.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Programs and Credentials
Question Which published credential pathways contain state-specific eligibility exceptions?
Limits Program completion is not proof that an individual qualifies for licensure.
Sources to assess: California Department of Consumer Affairs, Apprenticeship.gov
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question Which scholarships have renewal conditions that materially change multi-year affordability?
Limits A renewal condition is not a prediction that an individual will retain funding.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question How do published annual budgets handle optional or required summer enrollment?
Limits Do not add summer charges twice when a program budget already includes them.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question Which institutions publish when aid credits may become available for living costs?
Limits Published timing is conditional and does not guarantee an individual's deposit date.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question Which colleges explain the process for requesting dependent-care cost adjustments?
Limits An allowed budget adjustment is not a grant or guaranteed additional aid.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Affordability and Aid
Question Which published budgets include loan fees and for which borrowing assumptions?
Limits An allowance is not a charge paid by every student or an actual loan offer.
Sources to assess: Federal Student Aid, California Student Aid Commission
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Which sending-college comparisons track graduates rather than applicants or entering transfers?
Limits Do not label a college the largest producer of UC graduates without linked graduation counts.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Where are transfer students' entry majors and graduation majors reported together?
Limits Aggregate transitions cannot establish why a student changed majors.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Which course-renumbering changes require an explicit historical articulation crosswalk?
Limits A matching course title does not prove course equivalence across years.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question Which transfer agreements require a full course sequence rather than individual course matches?
Limits Do not turn an AND sequence into independent OR alternatives.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Transfer Pathways
Question How long after transfer entry do published outcome comparisons become available?
Limits A newer publication date does not make its underlying cohort more recent.
Sources to assess: UC Information Center, CSU Data, CCC DataMart
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question How do campus publication counts change when hospital and laboratory affiliations are resolved explicitly?
Limits Institutional-name matching can duplicate or misattribute affiliated research.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question How sensitive are citation comparisons to the length of the observation window?
Limits Longer exposure produces more citations and is not a fair quality advantage.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question Which research outputs provide persistent links to underlying data and code?
Limits A working link does not establish reproducibility, license permission or artifact correctness.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question How much research funding changes attribution after recipient-name aliases are reconciled?
Limits Parent organizations and subawards must not be added as separate copies of the same funding.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Research and Mobility
Question Which scholarly records carry publisher-issued correction or retraction links?
Limits A correction is not equivalent to a retraction or evidence of misconduct.
Sources to assess: NSF NCSES, OpenAlex
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which wage comparisons actually distinguish experience levels rather than substituting wage percentiles?
Limits A tenth-percentile wage is not automatically an entry-level wage.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which occupations change outlook when comparing official projection vintages on compatible codes?
Limits Revision differences are not realized employment gains or losses.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which degree fields map to many occupations and therefore resist a single salary claim?
Limits A crosswalk describes related training, not observed graduate job placement.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Where do official wage estimates have uncertainty or suppression that changes comparison quality?
Limits Do not rank suppressed estimates or infer a precise difference without uncertainty evidence.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Careers and Workforce
Question Which registered apprenticeships publish wage progression rules and related-instruction requirements?
Limits A listed standard is not a current vacancy or an employment offer.
Sources to assess: BLS, California EDD Labor Market Information, O*NET
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question Which procurement totals change after award modifications and deobligations are included?
Limits Award ceilings, obligations and outlays are different measures and cannot be summed together.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question Which company trend comparisons span a restated reporting period?
Limits Keep original and restated versions separate and do not mix fiscal calendars.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question Which city spending comparisons are affected by department reorganizations?
Limits A department rename is not evidence of a change in service level.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question How concentrated are awarded obligations among distinct supplier entities?
Limits Shared corporate ownership and missing supplier IDs can understate concentration.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Business and Public Systems
Question Which grant opportunity revisions change eligibility, matching funds or deadlines?
Limits A historical notice or a previous award is not proof of current eligibility.
Sources to assess: SEC EDGAR, USAspending, California State Controller
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question Which future schedule comparisons change after postponements and rescheduling notices?
Limits A published game is not a guarantee of player participation or fantasy eligibility.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question Which player-position comparisons rely on different platform eligibility rules?
Limits League-specific roster rules and live eligibility must be checked before any recommendation.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question Which participation rates use unique athletes rather than duplicated team appearances?
Limits Multi-sport participants may appear more than once; do not invent unique-athlete totals.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question Which schedule comparisons shift dates when games are normalized to a viewer's time zone?
Limits A local date without an authoritative time zone cannot be reliably converted.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · Sports and Recreation
Question Which college athletics comparisons include shared and unallocated expenses?
Limits Accounting allocations and sponsorship differences prevent simple efficiency rankings.
Sources to assess: Equity in Athletics Data Analysis, NCAA, NBA
Research plan · AI and Agent Data
Question Which model comparisons share the same task, prompt, scoring method and evaluation conditions?
Limits Unmatched benchmark scores cannot support a universal model ranking.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · AI and Agent Data
Question Which model artifacts document permitted use, redistribution and hosting constraints?
Limits A model family name or public download is not blanket commercial-use permission.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · AI and Agent Data
Question Which data services provide independently verified delivery and recovery evidence?
Limits A queued request, payment event or HTTP success alone does not prove usable delivery.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · AI and Agent Data
Question Which usage comparisons distinguish actual charges from token list-price estimates?
Limits Subscription fees, credits, API-equivalent estimates and actual charges remain separate.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
Research plan · AI and Agent Data
Question Which data products can an agent consume without guessing fields, missing values or edition semantics?
Limits Passing a declared schema does not independently authenticate the underlying source or guarantee task success.
Sources to assess: Versioned Synthetic and Public Source Registry
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